Grow Better Plants With Home-made Organic Potting Mixes

, written by gb flag

Home-made potting soil mix

Bagged potting soil (compost) is so convenient isn't it? Cut open a bag, chuck a few handfuls into a pot, bung in your plants, and that's it. Most plants will grow well in it without a problem, but if you've ever bought a bag of stale potting soil (loam-based potting soils are especially prone to going 'off'), or if you've been less than satisfied with a crop's performance using commercial brands, it's worth having a go at making your own.

I have three basic mixes that I make up fresh whenever I need them, and which can easily be tweaked to make them the perfect growing medium for specific crops. All you need is a potting scoop or a container for measuring, a container or tray for mixing (plus an extra container for soaking if you're using coir), and a few basic ingredients.

Easy Home-made Seed Starting Mix

When starting seeds, it's a waste to use your best garden-made compost. Seeds don't need a rich growing medium in which to germinate – the seed itself contains its own supply of nutrients that enable the plant to burst into life.

Homemade potting mix ingredients - loam, sand and coir (leafmold can also be used)

My seed sowing mix is made up of just three ingredients in equal parts – it really couldn't be simpler and works well for me. The first ingredient is loam, which you can buy in bags or, alternatively, make with turf lifted from the garden (for instance when making new beds). I stack my turves upside down under an old builder's bulk bag for a couple of years until they're well broken down. The resulting loam is then sieved to remove any surviving weeds or other detritus before use.

Commercial loam-based potting soils also use stacked turves for the loam component, which are sterilized to kill off any weed seeds, pests or diseases. It is possible to sterilize soil in the oven at home or even in the microwave, but unless you only have a very tiny quantity of soil to sterilize, this just isn't practical for most of us.

Sieving homemade potting mix

The second ingredient is coarse sand, which improves drainage and aeration in the mix. This is important because soil used on its own has a tendency to collapse when it becomes wet, reducing the pore spaces in the soil and squeezing out air, resulting in poor plant growth.

My preferred third ingredient is leafmold, which has a wonderful texture and retains moisture well. Most years I don't produce enough leafmold from my small garden for all my needs, but coir or composted bark make acceptable substitutes. Coir is usually supplied in compressed bricks that need to be soaked before use – I use a large, flexible, rubber bucket for this. It doesn't take long for the water to soak through the brick and, as if by magic, turn it into a lovely, fibrous, reddish-brown material that's ideal for potting mixes.

It's best to mix the ingredients together with your hands so you can easily feel lumps and break them up as necessary, but for larger quantities you can use a spade.

Potting up with homemade potting mix

Best All-Round Potting Mix

For growing plants on, I like to use a different three-part recipe. Growing plants need more nutrients than seeds, but not too much – sturdy, steady growth is the aim. This mix is again based on loam from stacked turves, which is reasonably heavy and therefore helps to stop pots from blowing over, especially when growing tall plants. Loam is not rich enough to grow plants in by itself – they'll quickly exhaust the supply of nutrients in the constricted space of a container – so it needs to be mixed with other ingredients.

Leafmold makes up the second part, or composted bark if leafmold is scarce. While neither of these adds much in the way of nutrients they do have good water-retaining properties and will help to maintain good structure in the potting mix. They are also full of microorganisms that do a great job of suppressing diseases. Coir is also fine to use.

The third part of this recipe is compost. Ideally, your own garden compost, which will be rich and fertile, though bagged commercial compost (potting soil) can be used for this part. When using your own compost you won't usually need to add extra fertilizer for most crops.

Basil growing in homemade potting mix

Rich Potting Mix For Hungry Crops

Greedy crops such as tomatoes and peppers need a potting soil that can provide plenty of nutrients over a long period, so my rich potting mix comprises just one part leafmold, coir or loam to three parts garden or bought-in compost. This will be sufficient to sustain these plants until fruiting time, when additional organic liquid fertilizers are needed.

There is no one-size-fits-all potting mix, so the recipes above are just starting points. It's important to experiment and try different quantities and materials to find out what works best for you and your plants. The beauty of making your own potting mixes is that they are infinitely customizable. For example, if you want a mix that drains more freely, add some coarse sand or perlite. If you want a richer growing medium, incorporate well-rotted manure or wormcasts, or use comfrey leafmold in place of plain leafmold.

What are your best tips for the perfect mix? Share them with us by leaving a comment below.

By Ann Marie Hendry.

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Comments

 
"It seems that a major ingredient in many commercially produced mixes is peat moss, which is primarily used for water retention. Are you suggesting that the leafmould or coir could replace this in a homemade mix?"
GladstoneGardener on Monday 2 February 2015
"Yes, the leafmould or coir can be used instead of peat moss. Both are excellent at retaining water, and if they dry out they can be re-wetted more easily than peat (leafmould especially). I would advise steering clear of peat products altogether due to the environmental impact that peat extraction has. "
Ann Marie Hendry on Thursday 5 February 2015
"My homemade compost has all sorts of weed seed in it, is it possible to sterilize it in some way to stop the weeds growing in the pots? Preferably an organic solution would be better."
Peter on Sunday 18 September 2016
"Small amounts of soil or compost can be sterilised in an oven or microwave, but it's unlikely to be practical for larger quantities. A hot compost heap should kill off many weed seeds (bigger piles heat up more, and adding green materials such as grass clippings can help). The best way to avoid having lots of weed seeds is to be careful what you put into your compost heap - avoid putting in perennial weeds and seedheads from annual weeds. If your compost heap is an open one (e.g. not contained in a bin and kept dark) then it would be worth covering it with a tarp to prevent weed seeds from blowing in on the wind or being dropped in by birds. "
Ann Marie Hendry on Thursday 22 September 2016
"I found this page searching for soil blends for a new flower bed... a recipe so to speak. We are about to construct a new flower bed in the upper central south island... 5m wide x 25m long. We have the luxury of a machine and vibrating topsoil screen to 20mm. This is all necessary as the location is all river gravel to small rocks, and lacking and organics... it is fast draining. We have had several truck loads of topsoil delivered that are a good brown colour coming from both farm land and a domestic lawn. The plan is to excavate to 500mm, then screen and blend the sandy gravel and the top soil in equal parts, add about 10% of rotted saw dust that was stockpiled on our property many years ago and was full of stock truck effluent. There will be a range of plants in this location ... Roses to lilies to bulbs so the end result need to be somewhat flexible, not targeting any one species. The question is what changes would you make to this blend, what would you add etc in the way of manure or compost and in what quantities? Look forward to your comments "
Paul Krans on Thursday 19 January 2017
"Hi Paul. Since you'll be growing lots of different kinds of plants, topsoil with plenty of whatever organic matter you can source is probably your best bet. If you can get compost and/or leafmould that would work well mixed in with what you've got. If you can only get a small amount of compost I'd use it to mulch around your hungriest or most prized plants."
Ann Marie Hendry on Saturday 21 January 2017
"Thanks for the comment... an advert will go on the local website... "Mulch and compost wanted... LOTS of mulch and compost..." Hopefully there are a few people with piles of leaves etc that have accumulated over time. Cheers "
Paul Krans on Saturday 21 January 2017
"Hello, I am new to container vegetable gardening and I don't have access to homemade compost or leaves. But I have some spent mushroom compost, can I use this in the mix? "
Olu oni on Tuesday 24 January 2017
"Hi Olu, spent mushroom compost is high in salts so make sure it only makes up a small component of your potting mix. Avoid using it for seedlings. It's usually alkaline too so should not be used for acid-loving plants such as blueberries."
Ann Marie Hendry on Tuesday 24 January 2017
"If someone wants the leaves in my yard, they are welcome to come rake them up. "
Brenda on Monday 30 January 2017
"I have containers three m long and holding 90l of plant mix/3 l per each of 30 plants. Please provide a suitable mix for lettuce and herbs spaced in two rows at 20 cm apart in each row ....and where rows have alternate staggered plants and rows are 10 cm apart. And where do plants get minerals ie I am contemplating rock dust and earthworm castings as well. "
Les hutton on Thursday 21 September 2017
"Hi Les, the all-round potting mix above will be fine for your lettuces, and will do for many herbs too. Some herbs such as thyme and lavender however prefer a drier, less nutrient-rich growing medium, so you may want to grow them separately and reduce the amount of compost in the mix. I've never felt the need to add minerals or worm castings to container plants. Lettuces and annual herbs are usually quite happy without much special treatment!"
Ann Marie Hendry on Wednesday 27 September 2017
"Ive just started to grow veg in a large 3m x 60cm x 60cm animal trough that I am making into a wicking bed. The seeds I have planted in your suggested mix (couldn’t get to garden centre due to lockdown so have used stuff I have here) of compost leaf mould and vermiculite are. All coming up thick and fast, although some a bit leggy so will deep plant when i pot them on. All your articles and videos are brilliantly informative to a new gardener. Thank you."
Bella on Monday 20 April 2020
"Great to hear the mix is working well for you Bella, and I'm glad to hear you're finding our articles and videos useful too! If your seedlings are leggy it could be due to not receiving enough light, so make sure they're not shaded. But deep planting them up to their first true leaves when potting on should help. "
Ann Marie Hendry on Tuesday 21 April 2020
"Thanks for the useful info on making all- purpose compost etc. If ordering sand in bulk for adding to seed sowing compost, is builders’ sand usable or does it contain salt etc which might be harmful to seedlings? "
Jan on Friday 28 May 2021
"Ideally horticultural sand should be used Jan, because builder's sand usually contains some lime which may not be suitable for all plants. Having said that, I have used builder's sand in the past with no problems. "
Ann Marie Hendry on Friday 28 May 2021
"Hi, My basic mix for leafy greens and flowers is 25% black peat(ph6) 15% top soil(ph7) 15% leaf compost(ph5.5) 10% coco peat(ph6) -- 5%zeolite or attalpugite 5% coarse lava rock 5%pumice 5% chicken grit 1% horticultural gypsum and diatomaceous earth -- 5%worm castings 5%rabbit poo😉 2%alfalfameal 2%shredded pine bark Thank you"
Christos on Tuesday 24 October 2023

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